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Prior volume effect inflates the gravitational-wave background in pulsar timing arrays - 足球世界杯

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have found evidence for a nanohertz gravitational-wave background (GWB) whose amplitude exceeds most predictions based on supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). Using NANOGrav 15-year data, we show that a substantial part of this excess arises from